共轭聚合物生物大分子检测研究系列进展


发布者:中国科学院化学研究所 发布时间:2008-11-25

共轭聚合物具有强的光捕获能力,具有倍增光学响应性,可用来放大荧光传感信号。基于共轭聚合物的新型生物传感器在医疗诊断、基因检测、环境检测以及国家安全防御等方面具有广泛的应用前景。在中国科学院“百人计划”项目、国家自然科学基金委和科技部的支持下,中国科学院化学研究所有机固体重点实验室的科研人员在基于水溶性共轭聚合物的生物大分子检测研究中取得系列进展。
抑癌基因启动子区CpG岛的异常甲基化导致抑癌基因失活,是癌症发生的一个重要机制。在癌症早期了解相关抑癌基因启动子区CpG岛的甲基化状态,对于及时发现和治疗癌症非常重要。在前期工作中研究人员通过构建阳离子聚芴/DNA自组装体系,实现了DNA甲基化的灵敏检测(Adv. Mater. 2007, 19, 3490-3495)。在此工作基础上,最近他们又利用水溶性阳离子型共轭聚合物作为荧光探针,通过荧光共振能量转移为手段,发展了 DNA甲基化水平检测的新方法,该方法具有灵敏、简便等优点(J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008,130, 11338-11343)。基因组DNA中单核苷酸多态性位点的分析和测定在遗传病诊断、药物设计以及基因联合研究等方面具有重要意义。他们构建了阳离子共轭聚合物/DNA自组装体系,通过控制能量转移过程,实现了对DNA单核苷酸多态性的灵敏检测(Chem. Commun. 2008, 1302-1304; Anal. Chem. 2008, 80, 2239-2243; Trends Biotechnol.2008, 26, 57-59)。
葡萄糖磷酸化在葡萄糖代谢过程中起着重要作用。在己糖激酶催化下,伴随葡萄糖磷酸化过程,ATP转化成ADP。研究人员与美国加州大学圣巴巴拉分校的科研人员合作,构建了阳离子聚噻吩/ATP自组装体系,利用ATP的去磷酸化控制聚噻吩的构象变化,通过聚噻吩的变色效应发展了一种无标记的、方便快速、肉眼可视的检测葡萄糖磷酸化的新体系(Adv. Mater. 2008, 20, 703-705)。
JACS,2008,130, 11338-11343,Fude Feng,Shu Wang
Fluorescent Conjugated Polyelectrolyte as an Indicator for Convenient Detection of DNA Methylation
Fude Feng, Hongzhong Wang, Lingli Han and Shu Wang
Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, P. R. China, and Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
Abstract
A convenient, sensitive, and label-free method to determine the DNA methylation status of CpG sites of plasmid and human colon cancer cell has been developed. The system relies on highly selective single base extension reaction and significant optical amplification of cationic conjugated polyelectrolytes (CCP-1). The higher fluorescence resonance energy transfer efficiency between CCP-1 and fluorescein-labeled dGTP (dGTP-Fl) is correlated to the incorporation of dGTP-Fl into the probe DNA by single base extension reaction when the target/probe pair is complementary at the methylation site. As low as 1% methylation status can be determined by this new assay method. Because of the optical amplification property of CCP-1, the method exhibited high sensitivity with a concentration of analyte DNA at the picomolar level. The CCP-1 can form a complex with negatively charged DNA through electrostatic interactions, avoiding labeling the DNA target and probe by covalent linking. The isolation steps employed in other typical assays were avoided to simplify operations and increase repeatability. These features make the system promising for future use for early cancer diagnosis.